Special Section: Biology and Pathogenesis of Viruses
نویسندگان
چکیده
Rotavirus is a major cause of acute infantile diarrhoea worldwide. The virus genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA that codes for six structural proteins (VP1-6) and six non-structural proteins (NSP16). NSPs are proteins expressed from the virus genome in the infected cell, but are not incorporated into the mature virus particle. NSPs play an essential role in virus replication, morphogenesis and pathogenesis, and most of them exhibit multifunctional properties. Structure–function analysis of the NSPs is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the virus circumvents host innate immune responses, inhibits cellular protein synthesis, hijacks the protein synthetic machinery for its own propagation and manifests the disease process. Because of their essential roles in virus biology, NSPs represent potential targets for the development of antiviral agents. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of NSPs has been hindered due to low-level expression and aggregation. To date, the complete three-dimensional structure of only NSP2 has been determined. The structures of the Nand C-terminal domains of NSP3 and the diarrhoea-inducing domain of NSP4 have also been determined. This review primarily covers the structural and biological functions of the NSPs whose three-dimensional structural aspects have been fully or partially understood, but provides a brief account of other NSPs and the structural features of the mature virion as determined by electron cryomicroscopy.
منابع مشابه
Rabies Infection: An Overview of Lyssavirus-Host Protein Interactions
Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that use cell proteins to take the control of the cell functions in order to accomplish their life cycle. Studying the viral-host interactions would increase our knowledge of the viral biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Studies on pathogenesis mechanisms of lyssaviruses, which are the causative agents of rabies, have revealed some important ho...
متن کاملBiology and Treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome that occurs at all ages and is characterized by high levels of cytokines, secreted by activated T-lymphocytes and macrophages. All symptoms and laboratory changes can be explained by organ infiltration by these cells and hypercytokinemia. HLH occurs as an inherited form (genetic, primary HLH) with mutations primarily in the...
متن کاملThe application and mechanism of CRISPR-Cas systems in the treatment of infectious diseases
Infectious diseases remain a global threat with many people annually contracting the epidemic diseases. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, along with rapid diagnosis and treatment of human infections are essential to improving infectious diseases outcomes worldwide. In many genomic loci in bacteria and archea, termed Clustered Regularly Inters...
متن کاملViral Disease in Hematology.
As part of the international outreach of the American Society of Hematology, this review addresses some aspects of the genetics, biology, epidemiology, and clinical relevance of viruses that cause a variety of hematopoietic disorders in human populations. The viruses described here have a different pattern of geographical distribution, and the disease manifestations may vary according to enviro...
متن کاملPneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Reverse Genetics
Pneumoviruses are responsible for significant respiratory disease in their hosts and represent a major problemfor human and animal health. Pneumoviruses are members of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamilyPneumovirinae and the virus particles consist of a negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA genome within a helical nucleocapsid structure enveloped in a lipid membrane derived from the ho...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010